Smart materials

The essential quality of a Å"smart material  is that it can react to outside upgrades in an in fact valuable and in fact controlled way. The words Å"technically useful  and Å"technically controlled  are underlined since all materials react to outer upgrades or something to that affect or other (as a straightforward model, all materials react to temperature by changing their volume), nonetheless, to be viewed as a Å"smart material  the reaction must be one that is helpful in a building application.Thus, any conversation of keen materials must incorporate a thought of the utilization of these materials. Creatures and plants could be considered as comprising of countless brilliant materials, in any case, the extent of this article will be confined to inorganic and natural materials that are utilized in an increasingly customary designing sense. ) The term brilliant material frequently additionally has a chronicled setting, just being applied to generally new materials. For instance, consider the basic bimetallic strip.Bimetallic strips have been around for quite a long time and comprise of two metals Joined with the goal that the distinction in the coefficient of warm development makes the strip twist in light of an adjustment in temperature. This can be utilized, eg, to open or close an echanical valve or electrical circuit. The upgrades may either be given by the indigenous habitat or built into a structure that the material is a piece of. In any case, bimetallic strips are regularly not thought of as keen materials since they have been near and utilized for a long time.Smart materials are additionally frequently portrayed by the way that they change vitality starting with one mode then onto the next, eg, from electrical vitality to mechanical vitality. Brilliant materials are likewise frequently consolidated in purported Smart Structures, which are structures that, just as being the basic help of a structure or vehicle, additionally have a further capacity. For instance, a heap bearing structure that additionally quantifies the heap that it is conveying is a case of a savvy structure. 2.Classification Schemes How a material is thought of or grouped depends somewhat on the logical or specialized order that is thinking about the material. For instance, a material researcher is keen on the inward structure and how this may change affected by an outside upgrade, while an application specialist might be progressively worried about the capacity of the material and what it very well may be utilized for. 2. 1 . Characterization According to Function. Shrewd materials can be arranged by the expected essential capacity, eg, as a sensor, actuator, or vitality generator.Piezoelectric material is a case of a class of brilliant materials that can be utilized in each of the three of these capacities. When exposed to pressure these materials produce an electrical voltage that can be utilized as a reaction sign and furthermore to create power. Then ag ain, when exposed to a voltage these materials produce a mechanical pressure. The tradable idea of boost and reaction is a typical, however not widespread, trademark ot 1 Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Copyright John Wiley (a) they convert mechanical worry into an electric field (Fig. la), and this impact is utilized in piezoelectric sensors; (b) use of an electric field creates a mechanical 4 pressure (Fig. 1b, c), and this conduct is used in actuator and force generator-collecting gadgets. Just materials with an electrically poled, anisotropic gem stucture can frame piezoelectrics; Ëœe, there must be an inherent electric field kept up a specific way all through the material.Thus the material must be pyroelectric. An element of a pyroelectric material is the vanishing of this pontaneous electric field over the Curie point temperature. Piezoelectric gadgets are framed by raising the material over the Curie point temperature and afterward cooling within the sight of a solid electric field. The regular term for this activity is to state that the material is Å"poled  within the sight of the electric field. This outcomes in fractional or complete arrangement of the unconstrained electric field inside the material. A related material property is the ferroelectric effect.All ferroelectric materials are fundamentally both pyroelectric and piezoelectric. The ferroelectric impact is the electric olarization realized by the total or halfway realignment of the unconstrained polarization bringing about a static electric field at the surfaces of the materials. (Be that as it may, note, a net field isn't regularly distinguished in light of the fact that the surface charge is quickly killed by surrounding charged particles. ) There are two chief sorts of materials that can work as piezoelectrics: the earthenware production and polymers. 1 .Ceramics: The most generally utilized materials are the piezoceramics dependent on the lead zirconate titanate (PZT) a rrangements, blended sodium and potassium niobates, lithium niobate, and quartz. The upsides of these piezoceramics are that they have a high piezoelectric movement and they can be created in various shapes. 2. Polymers: Poly(vinylidene fluoride), PVDF, is the most generally utilized polymer piezoelectric material. It has the focal points over earthenware gadgets of adaptability, formability and can be essentially sliced to shape. Polymer piezoelectric materials have lower authority (power and relocation) than artistic devices.The PVDF structure is a genuine case of the unconstrained electric field found in these sorts of material (Fig. A restriction of piezoelectric materials is that they show little dimensional changes however with high applied power). Composite structures comprising of a length of piezoelectric clung to a nonpiezoelectric substrate can be utilized to change over the parallel change in measurement of the piezoelectric to a twisting power. Along these lines, bigger activation strokes can be accomplished. Piezoelectric materials are utilized in a wide range of sorts of detecting and activating gadgets and furthermore for power harvesting.Examples incorporate Sensors: vibration, sound, accelerometers, pressure, ultrasonics, strain, power age. Actuators: print heads, vibration concealment, speakers and bells, flash generators, ultrasonic ransducers, micropositioning and interpretation. Electrical segments: channels and resonators. 5. Shape Memory Alloys and Polymers Metal shape memory composites (SMAs) display the properties of pseudo-versatility and the shape memory impact. These combinations experience thermomechanical changes going from a martensitic stage at low temperature to an austenitic stage at higher temperature (Fig. a). 5. 1 . Shape Memory Effect. In the martensite stage, the combination is milder and effortlessly controlled through enormous strains with a little change in pressure, ie, it tends to be effectively twisted. As the temp erature of the combination is expanded over the basic change) temperature, it changes into the austentic stage. In the austentic stage, the compound recaptures its high quality and high modulus and furthermore returns to its unique shape. In this way a SMA can be framed into shape over the change temperature, cooled beneath the change temperature, and shaped into various shape.On warming, the SMA will return to the shape that it was shaped into over the change temperature (Fig. 3b). 5. 2. Pseudo-Elasticity. This happens when the composite is totally made out of austenite (Ëœe, the temperature is over the change temperature). In the event that the temperature is kept steady and the material is stacked, at that point sooner or later there will be a change to the martensite stage just because of stacking. The heap is consumed by distortion of the gentler martensite stage, however after emptying the martensite begins to change once more into austenite and the materials springs once more into its unique shape (Fig. c). Shape memory compounds (SMAs) can be isolated into three practical gatherings: single direction SMAs, two-way SMAs, and attractively controlled SMAs. The attractively controlled SMAS show extraordinary potential as actuator materials for shrewd tructures on the grounds that they could furnish quick strokes with huge amplitudes under exact control. The most broadly utilized customary shape memory amalgams are the nickel-titanium, copper-zinc-aluminum, and copper-aluminum-nickel compounds. Because of their ease, iron-based shape memory composites are getting increasingly famous in savvy structure applications.Iron-manganese-silicon prepares alloyed with chromium, nickel, and cobalt, and iron-manganese-silicon prepares alloyed with nitrogen all fit into this classification. As recently referenced, the nickel-titanium amalgams have been the most broadly utilized shape memory compounds. This group of nickel-titanium amalgams is known as Nitinol (Nickel Ti tanium Naval Ordnance Laboratory to pay tribute to where this material conduct was first watched). Nitinol can be utilized in apply autonomy actuators and micromanipulators that mimic human muscle motion.The capacity of Nitinol to apply a smooth, controlled power when initiated is a bit of leeway of this material family. SMAS have been utilized for military, clinical, wellbeing, and mechanical technology applications. Explicit uses incorporate pressure driven lines, clinical tweezers, grapples for joining ligaments to bones, eyeglass outlines, control of hot house windows, underwire brassieres, and ntiscalding valves utilized in water taps, and shower heads. 5. 3. Shape Memory Polymers. Shape memory polymers (SMP) are polymers (polyurethane based thermoplastics) that can be warmed (over the glass progress temperature), distorted, and cooled to hold the twisted 6 shape.Upon warming over the change temperature, the material mollifies and comes back to the shape that it had before miss hapening. Preferences of SMPs over metallic SMAS incorporate light weight, high recoverable strains (up to 400%), infusion forming (to frame complex shapes), ease and SMPs have shape recuperation temperatures selectable somewhere in the range of A30 and 708C. The SMAs, nonetheless, have prevalent power attributes and can work at higher temperat

Seaborne Energy Business 2030 free essay sample

BP (2012) expressed that in 2011 worldwide oil utilization has expanded 0. 7 percent to arrive at 88 million BOPD. In spite of the way that the utilization isn't envisioning a lot of development, as indicated by UNCTAD (2012), in a similar period raw petroleum load limit arrived at 1. 8 billion tons and has a record for roughly 33% of the complete world seaborne exchange. Then, worldwide utilization of coal has expanded fundamentally in a similar period. As BP (2012) referenced in the BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2012, coal has developed by 5. percent, which is the main petroleum product that expanded over the normal and the quickest developing vitality outside sustainable power source. Coal exchange across nations are additionally outlined astounding development. Between year 1999 and 2011 in ton mile unit coal exchange has risen 67 percent to various 2196 ton miles (UNCTAD, 2012). Besides, another vitality source that has a promising possibility to the world seaborne exchange is LNG. We will compose a custom article test on Seaborne Energy Business 2030 or then again any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page LNG is the third wellsprings of vitality most devoured internationally, after oil and coal. This kind of nergy has indicated an extensive heightening over the most recent 10 years. Since 2000, LNG utilization has developed by more than 30 percent (BP, 2012). Similarly, from 1999 to 2011, LNG seaborne exchange has raised far increasingly huge, which arrive at the quantity of 258 percent (UNCTAD, 2012). In conclusion, the different outline vitality that perhaps ready to give manageability to the world vitality and could assume a more prominent job later on is non petroleum derivative vitality particularly sustainable power source. As of now, this kind of vitality has a record of 2. percent of world vitality utilization, which has ascended from 0. 7 percent in 2001 (BP, 2012). In present time, the commitment of this vitality may not be extremely noteworthy to world seaborne vitality exchange yet with the consistent development and declining of oil holds as the principle wellsprings of vitality, sustainable power source is figured to contribute more later on and it may influenced to the world seaborne vitality exchange. With the real factors previously mentioned, it is critical to create a projection on how the vitality utilization and creat ion extent is dispersed later on. Since seaborne vehicle business is an infers request, it is basic to anticipate the improvement of the product, for this situation is vitality, so as to have a general image of the vitality seaborne vehicle business later on. It is in this manner, this article will inspect the advancement of this issue, which will concentrate on unrefined petroleum, coal, LNG, and sustainable power source transport business particularly in the time of 2030. 2. Worldwide ENERGY DEMAND PROJECTION 2030 Demand of vitality creation that prompts vitality transportation is predominantly influenced by the measure of its utilization. As indicated by BP (2012) vitality utilization driven by two fundamental viewpoints that are populace and pay (GDP). In the year 2030, total populace is anticipated to develop by 1. 4 billion, which is 0. 9 percent for every annum. Development of GDP are additionally show a comparable patterns. Driven by low and medium pay economies, the development in the following 20 years is anticipated to quicken arrive at the quantity of 3. 7 percent, raising from 3. 2 percent in the 1990-2010 period. Be that as it may, increment in populace and GDP development isn't really flood the essential vitality utilization. As communicated in BP Energy Outlook 2030 (BP, 2012), essential vitality utilization development from 2010 to 2030, which overwhelmed by the gracefully of unrefined petroleum creation, is decelerated to 1. 6 percent contrasted with 2. 0 percent somewhere in the range of 1990 and 2010. The fundamental factor to this is significant decay of world unrefined petroleum saves by that year. Another factor that has developed this circumstance is worldwide improvement of vitality proficiency, particularly for OECD nations that moving the use of oil to sustainable for street transportation and change from coal to a similar sort vitality in power age. Regardless of the deceleration, essential vitality despite everything has a considerable record to the whole world vitality utilization. The extent of essential vitality utilization and world essential vitality shares somewhere in the range of 2010 and 2030 show in the diagram beneath. As introduced in figure 1, most of all out worldwide vitality utilization despite everything contributed by the essential vitality, which comprise of raw petroleum, coal, and LNG. In 2030, these three principle vitality wares are undertaking to be expended over 12billion TOE (ton of oil proportionate) comprehensively, which around 70 percent of all out vitality devoured. In addition, from the diagram it very well may be seen the improvement of each type of vitality delineating an alternate inclination. Raw petroleum as the most consumable vitality over the most recent 20 years isn't show a critical turn of events. Decrease in its stores cause the unrefined petroleum no longer give supportability to worldwide buyer. Be that as it may, the measure of oil expended in 2030 is sensibly tremendous and still give an incredible commitment to the worldwide customer with somewhat less than 30 percent (figure 2). Then again, the advancement of the other two essential energies is impressively high. Gas especially, is anticipated to develop consistently in the following 20 years and become the quickest developing fuel fossils. As can be found in the figure 2, gas gracefully offer to the world’s vitality utilization will reach more than 20 percent by 2030. The gas flexibly to the worldwide vitality buyer will be spoken to by develop fasting LNG gracefully, which arrive at the quantity of 4. 5 percent for every annum quicker than complete gas flexibly (2. 1 percent). In the interim, development of worldwide coal utilization is showing a consistent pattern up until 2030 (figure 1). The coal utilization anticipated to increment until around 2020 however begin to decrease a short time later with China as the principle buyer of this vitality end their quick utilization. By the by, by 2030 coal overwhelm oil on the world essential vitality share (figure 2). In addition, the utilization of non petroleum derivative vitality in 2030 is anticipated to develop greatly (34 percent) and will have an a lot bigger extent to the worldwide vitality utilization as can be seen in the two figures. Non petroleum derivative, inexhaustible specifically will be significant by that year as monstrous needs of manageable force for power and transport fuel will rise the advancement of this sort of vitality. 3. Unrefined petroleum SEABORNE TRADE Aforementioned, the development of raw petroleum request won't have a noteworthy improvement, which considered the utilization development that solitary 0. 6 percent yearly somewhere in the range of 2010 and 2030 (BP, 2012). This circumstance gives a genuine effect on the raw petroleum big hauler business. Grossman et al (2006) communicated the viewpoint of unrefined petroleum big hauler business in 2030 is concealed by the vulnerability. The high measure of oil cost, declining stores of raw petroleum and confinement underway limit could influence the world raw petroleum exchange. Be that as it may, disregarding numerous vulnerabilities to a great extent, there are still some acceptable patterns concerning this business. One of the upsides is increment in moved separations, which will have a few advantages particularly for enormous size big hauler vessel. As declining of develop oil field saves that have generally close separation to the significant bringing in nations and geopolitical issues on pipeline improvements, the reliance of the merchants to significant makers in Africa and Middle East is amazingly high. Grossman et al (2006) included Maritime Trade and Transport Logistic Strategy 2030, the unrefined petroleum sends out portion of Middle East nations will raise to more than 60 percent, which implies the big hauler exchange from that point to significant exporters will have similar patterns. Figure 3 beneath, present the unrefined petroleum exchange streams 2030 convey by big hauler vessel. It tends to be seen that significant bringing in nations particularly in the Asia locale have a gigantic reliance on raw petroleum exchange from Middle East. China for example, is anticipated to import the oil from Middle East for roughly 5. 9 million BPD (IEEJ, 2006), increment more than 50 percent from 2011 (EIA, 2012). The fundamental factor of this is decrease of China oil creation to just 2 million BPD. Patterns on decrease underway limit additionally happened on other East Asia nations. Aggregately, other East Asian nations outside China and Japan just delivered oil marginally more than 2 million BPD, which constrained them to import more, particularly from Middle East district that arrive at 10. 6 million BPD. In the mean time, Japan and India that customarily are net shippers of oil is anticipated to import oil from Middle East for 3. 6 and 6. 6 million BPD, separately. Altogether, Asian district anticipated to import right around 30 million BPD from Middle East Region in 2030. One of the impacts of this circumstance is addition of raw petroleum big hauler traffic around Strait of Malacca and Singapore. As appeared in the Figure 4, the quantity of VLCC passing this waterway will increment up to 8646 nearly multiplied from 2010 and oil exchanged through this region arrive at 24. 7 million BPD, which on one hand is useful for country’s pay however then again it will cause a sensibly extraordinary clog. Moreover, US and Western Europe as the significant market partners for oil additionally relies upon raw petroleum transportation. US especially, regardless of they despite everything produce extensively huge measure of oil, they despite everything need to import it from Middle East, Africa and Latin America in light of the fact that their creation limit is no longer satisfy the residential market. Complete oil exchange from those three locales arrive at somewhat more than 10 million BPD, which is still beneath their residential creation rate. While, for Western European market, the reliance on seaborne oil exchange from other area isn't as a high as both US or Asian nations since they despite everything have pipeline appropriation from Eastern Europe, Russia particularly. Besides, in the drawn out situation, as creation limit will arrive at the pinnacle number in this p

7 Ways to Avoid Overdraft Fees

7 Ways to Avoid Overdraft Fees 7 Ways to Avoid Overdraft Fees 7 Ways to Avoid Overdraft FeesWhile there arent any ways to escape overdraft fees altogether (even if you opt out of overdraft protection) there are still many ways to keep them at bay.There are a lot of things you can do that will hurt your long-term financial outlook, like making weekly visits to the casino or investing in your cousin’s new business idea. (Uber for hot air balloons? Sure, Darryl.)But while racking up overdraft fees on your checking account is a bit more on the mundane side, it could end up doing just as much financial damage as any ill-timed family investment.Overdraft fees are most commonly created when people forget how much a bunch of small purchases can really add up,” said Shane Walker, Shane Walker, executive VP and CMO at  ProActive FinTech LLC. A zip through the drive-thru, a stop for milk and bread, some gas in the tankâ€"and suddenly, the bank account is hovering just above zero. And you might not even realize it.”With an average overdraft fee of $3 0, overspending your available funds is not a mistake you want to make. How a $15 meal can cost you $120.One of the dangerous things about overdraft fees is that they aren’t a one-time thing. Once you’ve overdrawn your accountâ€"and been hit with that initial feeâ€"every subsequent withdrawal or debit card purchase will result in a brand new charge.As a result, the bill can add up really fast.Licensed CPA  Riley Adams (@TheRiles89) shared this story from his college of how overdraft fees took a few small financial mistakes and very nearly turned them into a major money headache:“I recall an unfortunate event with my brother going to McDonald’s after class. My brother didn’t want food when we got there so I ordered myself some food and incurred (without my knowing) an overdraft fee. That $5 combo meal turned into $40.“After my brother saw my food, he got hungry and wanted to order something as well. His $5 meal also cost me $40 when the fee was included. And if it wasn’ t bad enough, when we both finished, we ordered dessert.“You can guess what happened. Three overdraft fees plus $15 worth of food was outrageous.That’s awful! Luckily, Adams’ tale of overdraft fee-induced woe has a happy ending.“Fortunately, we contacted the bank explaining we didn’t know we were overdrafting because my direct deposit paycheck was delayed that week. After clearing this up, thankfully, they waived the fees, he explained.While calling your financial institution post-mistake is always a good idea, you shouldn’t make that your go-to overdraft avoidance strategy. In order to kiss these ridiculously expensive fees goodbye. we recommend you try one (or more!) of the following seven methods.1. Use an overdraft line of credit.Adams went on to say that he rectified the situation by adding an overdraft line of credit to his account to ward off future overdraft fees. This is a product that, in essence, loans your account to cover the overdrawn funds until you can de posit more money in your account.While you’ll owe interest on any funds that are drawn from this line of credit, the rates you’ll pay will be much lower than the corresponding rates for an overdraft fee. Adams’ $120 meal, for instance, carried an interest rate of 700 percent.“It turned out to be a much less costly way to bank than hoping not to get hit with overdraft fees. Many banks have begun to offer this service and I know I’m glad I have mine, he said.2. Link an emergency fund savings account.If you can save up a little bit of money, its a good idea to link up a savings account as a form of overdraft protection. While you’ll still incur a small charge for the transfer, you won’t have to pay any interest on the transferred funds.“Setup an emergency funds savings account,” said Pete Longo, VP of Digital Banking at  Axiom Bank, N.A. (@axiombank). Do not make this your main long-term savings account but instead an account where you  set aside some emergency funds each payday. Even a small amount such as $5 can build up with proper budgeting over time.“From here you can choose to link this account to your checking account for overdraft protection if your bank offers it.  This will minimize or eliminate fees in the event of a mistake where overspending occurs.”You’ll still want to take additional steps to avoid overdrawing your account, but this is a much better emergency fallback option than an overdraft fee. You’ll also want to make sure you keep that emergency fund well-stocked, otherwise, you’ll find yourself right back where you started.3. Make a budget.Of course, the best way to avoid overdrawing your account and incurring all those extra fees is to keep track of your money! And to do that, you’re first going to need a budget.“Create a budget at the beginning of the month,” advised money blogger Yaz Purnell of  The Wallet Moth (@thewalletmoth). “Set aside money for your rent/mortgage, bills, transport, groceries, leisu re/hobbies, and any other monthly costs you incur. Simply having an idea of what money needs to go where is your first step to avoiding accidentally overdrawing your account.”Not sure how to go about building a budget? No worries! Just check this  OppLoans Guide for first-time budgeters, complete with a free budgeting spreadsheet to help you get started!4. Get a money tracker.Creating your first budget is a huge step in the right direction. But once you’ve got that in place, you’ll still need a way to keep track of your spending. That’s why Purnell recommends using a money tracking app.“There are so many free money trackers out there, from Mint to Yolt, that can be easily installed as an app on your phone to track your income and outgoings,” she said. “Download a money tracker and get into the habit of checking your outgoings on a daily basis so that you always have a good idea of how much you can afford.You might even have a money tracker right there in your checking account!“Many banks offer this to customers in their online or mobile banking, said Longo. “If your bank does not offer it and you do not want to switch banks than look into a free alternative by searching online for personal financial management.5. Set up bank notifications.Sometimes, folks will knowingly overdraw their account because they feel that they have no other choice but accept the fee. But many others simply don’t keep track of their checking account balance and incur overdraft fees on accident!A great way to avoid the latter is to set up notifications on that checking account that will alert you when your balance is getting low.“Utilize your bank’s real-time notification system in your online/mobile banking,” advised Longo. “Setup notifications to be sent to your smartphone or email when your checking account balance falls below a set balance (i.e $25).“This will give you a friendly warning when your funds might be a little too close for comfort and poten tially stop you from accidentally ‘overspending’.”6. Use multiple bank accounts.If you’re like a lot of people, then you probably only have one checking account that you use for everything. But have you ever considered using multiple checking accounts for different expenses? Doing so could be the key to avoiding overdrafts.“For larger monthly bills, like your rent and electric, set up a separate bank account and regularly add money to it. Enough to cover those bills, on time, every month” said Walker. The key is to only pay your larger bills from that account, like your utilities and mortgage.“By keeping a separate account from your everyday spending, you arent dwindling down your balance with daily expenses. The money for those large bills is safe and ready when needed. The average household should have less than 10 payments going out of that account per month, making the math easy.”In a similar fashion, Walker also recommended purchasing gift cards to use on your w eekly in place of a debit card.“Gift cards have a hard limit that cannot be exceeded and you cannot incur overdrafts on them,” he said. “You can get gift cards for gas, groceries, restaurants and more. They even have them for most major cell phone providers.”7. Don’t opt-in. (And if you have, then opt-out.)In the end, there is only one way to avoid overdraft fees altogether … and even that option won’t work in certain circumstances!If you are already at a bank that you are comfortable with visiting a branch and discussing “opting-out” of overdraft privileges on your checking account’s debit card. This will make it so your debit card will simply be declined if at the point of sale and there are not enough funds available,” said Longo.But even opting out won’t work all the time.One thing many people do not understand is that even if you do not opt-in for overdraft, you can still get an overdraft fee,” said Adam Rust, Director of the consumer rights non-profit  WiseWage.org (@WiseWage).“The bank only allows you to opt-out of transactions where they can verify good funds prior to approval. If you write a check, they will charge you an overdraft fee and pay the bill or decline to pay and charge an insufficient funds fee.”And make sure you keep track of your automatic bill and subscriptions!“Important reminder that your account can still be overdrawn in this scenario if you have recurring bills setups such as Netflix or a gym membership as opting out cannot prevent these preauthorized charges from coming through” warned Longo.Overdraft fees vs. bad credit loans.Bad credit loans are way more expensive than regular  personal loans. And while the rates for some bad credit  installment loans can be fairly reasonable, the annual rates for  no credit check loans and short-term bad credit loans like payday loans, title loans, and cash advances  can be beyond ridiculous.Even so, when compared to overdraft fees, the cost of those no credit c heck loans can seem downright reasonable.According to a 2014 Consumer Financial Protection Bureau study on overdraft fees, the average overdraft transaction was $24, the median overdraft fee was $34, and most of those fees were paid back within three days.To compare: If someone borrowed paid $34 to borrow $24 over three days with a no credit check loan, that would add up to an APR of 17,000 percent!While bad credit loans pale in comparison to the overdraft alternatives listed above, you might actually be better off using a bad credit installment loan to cover an unexpected bill or financial shortfall than you would be using overdraft fees.If youre living paycheck to paycheck, there simply isn’t a way to completely escape overdraft fees. Thats why your best solution is to stop living one pay period at a time. And that means building a budget and increasing your savings. To learn more about how you can take control of your  financial future, check out these other posts and articles from OppLoans:How to Raise Your Credit Score by 100 PointsSave More Money with These 40 Expert Tips10 Good Money Habits to Make Your Friends JealousFrom Budget to Baller: 6 Tips to Grow Your MoneyDo you have a   personal finance question youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.  |  InstagramContributorsRiley Adams (@TheRiles89) is a licensed CPA in the state of Louisiana working as a Senior Financial Analyst for a Fortune 500 company in New Orleans. He has a personal finance blog dedicated to helping young professionals find financial independence at YoungAndTheInvested.com.Pete Longo is the Vice President of Digital Banking at  Axiom Bank, N.A. (@axiombank), a Maitland-based, leading community bank. He has more than a decade of experience in banking, business development and financial software vendor management. Pete graduated with a degree in business management and an MBA from Stetson University.Yaz Purnell  (@thewalletmoth) is the founder of  The Wallet Moth, a personal finance blog that focuses on sustainable changes anyone can make to create your dream lifestyle.Adam  Rust  is the Director of Research at Reinvestment Partners   (@ReinvestPartner) and the Director of WiseWage.org (@WiseWage). He advocates for an  inclusive financial system. WiseWage has enabled thousands of workers to manage their finances with safe and affordable accounts overdraft-fee-free accounts. At Reinvestment Partners, he has pursued campaigns related to payday lending, basic bank accounts, overdraft fees, high-cost credit insurance, and home mortgage lending. He is an Interim Board Member of the US Faster Payments Council.Shane Walker is  the executive VP CMO at ProActive FinTech LLC. He  gives people better control of their finances by digitizing the successful concept of the envelope system for budgeting. At ProActive Budget, theyve  combined the modern convenience of a debit card with the proven budgeting system of using envelopes.  It works because it requires a person to consult their budget before they spend. It changes the behavior of spending money.

Advice for Young People Who Just Finished School - 1502 Words

Outcome Many young people who just finish school would like to move out to live their life, buy a car or travel the world. Everyone would love to do all the things they have ever visualised straight after they finish school and in order to achieve this cash plays a big role. The wise decision is to invest money so it can grow in value which will help achieve financial goals. This report will take a look at understanding different investment opportunities that can be made to ensure that young people have future financial independence. As soon as young adults finish school, they want to move out of the family home and learn to live their own life. The first thing that comes to the mind is the amount of money needed to rent accommodation and provide for food and clothing. It is important for young people to start investing their saved money early for it to grow while they prepare to step out into the community without support from parents. Many young people have a job whilst studying giving them a head start in investing money for the future. It is important that young people understand that not all money earned should be spent. The earlier investment starts the more money can be saved. Young people who start investing early, have the best friend of investing on their side: Time. Time is their strongest weapon in investments. According to calculations done, $5000 invested today in a bank with an interest rate of 4% will grow to $24,000 within 40 years. If they decided toShow MoreRelatedMy Plan For A Capstone Project1139 Words   |  5 Pagesevent that I work for an international organization in the third world; I would implement the concept of Leadership in Clinical Microsystem to circumscribe some epidemic diseases like Ebola outbreak; Cholera and the HIV control. I have successfully finished my Mathematics and Statistics courses. I have already utilized many of those concepts in my life including my workplace. Since SNHU gave me the tools to transform my vision into a true reality, I would appropriately use those tools to get what IRead MoreChildren, Obey Your Parents1242 Words   |  5 Pagesand advice that they are able to share with me. My parents have similar, but contrasting values, morals, norms, and/or ethics as well, and I am so blessed to have been able to learn from both of them, together and individually, over the years. I love the fact that even though they differ so much, my parents still love each other without end and find a way to exist as a healthy couple through these inconsistencies. It is very difficult for me to imagine my mom being a teenager or even a young adultRead MorePersonal Statement On Family Values900 Words   |  4 PagesIt may seem like everyone has the perfect life, but if you were to look more in depth you would see it’s not that way at all. Most people want to presume as having both parents in their life married or divorced, or even have grandparents to go to when they need advice or knowledge. I believe to have a life that couldn’t be any better. I come from a two parent home who both worked very hard to have me sitting where I am today. Without family supporting me I may not be here at college expanding my educationRead MoreQuestions On Follow Your Heart977 Words   |  4 PagesFollow Your Heart Not sure what you value most in this life? Not sure where your passions lie? Ask yourself what advice you would give your younger self, and you will discover some values and passions that you have and may not even know about. Some of the answers you have may offer some insight into why you are NOT happy and what you need to do to change that. For instance, I would tell myself to not take things so seriously. Enjoy the ups and the downs. Appreciate every moment that comes intoRead MoreTeens s Early Puberty Stages829 Words   |  4 Pagesideas and opinions of their parents (Newman and Newman, 2014). Parents of support and acceptance of the characteristics, helps strengthen the family. Parents who consider the value of opinion and ideas of the adolescents, gives them a sense of mutual responsibility and care. 3) Psychosocial development in teens: Many hours are spent not just at home for influential guidance or impact in shaping the individual, but are also shaped in an academic work environment. Whether, the influences are fromRead MoreThe Other Wes Moore 1668 Words   |  7 Pagesprison for life and the other with his freedom. There are several reasons that the two Wes Moores ended up in different situations such as the way their mothers raised them and the different choices that were made by them throughout their life as young adults. The statement that the author wrote at the end of the book is true to the extent that they both grew up in the same type of neighborhood and both were raised by single mothers. Both Wes Moores were forced to grow up fatherless, the authorRead MoreCollege Is Worth The Expense946 Words   |  4 Pages  College is worth the expense. You have a higher earning potential. When you finish school, you have the necessary skills to land that good paying job. Many people have aspirations of owning things, such as owning cars or homes. Ownership is an expense not many can afford, but so many wish to achieve. Well paying jobs tend to take care of their employees. For example, higher paying jobs give their employees more benefits and vacation time: to stay healthy and well-rested. So they perform betterRead MoreThe 50 Mph M The Story Of Ted Jensen1706 Words   |  7 Pagesup and ran as fast as he could to catch the speeding bus. â€Å"HEY! STOP THE BUS!† Ted screamed as he knocked on the bus door, just barely catching up to the bus. The driver opened the door and said: â€Å"I’m afraid I can’t do that. There is a bomb strapped to the bottom of this vehicle, and if I drive under 50 miles an hour, the bomb will explode and we’ll all be done for. It’s just like the movies, but in real life.† Ted heard this and gasped. â€Å"So you mean I’m running at least 50 miles an hour?† He askedRead MoreMy Family Essay1091 Words   |  5 Pagesmeet a family like mine’s. My family is well diversified. Every family member plays an important role in all my family’s lives. In my family, there are four people: my father, my mother, my little brother and me. My father is one who brings money home and is also responsible for organizing and planning family trips. My mother is the one who is in charge for making meals and makes sure everyone eats at the appropriate times. My little brother is the pet of the family. He actually doesn’t have anyRead More4.Profile Of Scott County. Located In The Beautiful Rolling1652 Words   |  7 Pages730, with about 97.9% of the residents being whites. The county ranks last among Indiana’s 92 counties on several fronts. It has the lowest life expectancy, 9% of the population is unemployed, 19% live below the pover ty line, and 21% have not finished high school (Conrad et al, 2015). With such low economic and health indicators, it is not difficult for one to predict that Scott County was sitting on a time bomb for something bad to happen. 4.1 Epidemiologic Profile of Scott County The epidemiologic

Social Networking A Social Network Site - 765 Words

Question 1 (a) Social Networking What is a Social Network Site? Since the advent of networking, users have been communicating in ever increasing ways. For a majority of users their first computer-mediated communication (CMC) may have been simple text message emails, while at work. Emails now have the ability to include HTML formatting and to include attachments. Messages are sent one-to-one or one-to-many, but this is not what we normally refer to as Social Networking. Social Networking as defined by [Boyd and Ellison, 2008] is â€Å"web based services that allow individuals to (1) construct a public or semi-public profile within a bounded system, (2) articulate a list of other users with whom they share a connection, and (3) view and traverse their list of connections and those made by others†. Thinking about who or what is Social Networking you may immediately have your own list in mind which, most likely includes some or all of the following: Facebook, MySpace, Linkedin, Bebo and Twitter. What function do they have? Different Social Networking Sites (SNSs) may have different functions or specialties, while conforming to the above definition as to what makes a SNS, so depending on our individual requirements, we will each list these sites in differing orders of perceived importance. Key however is the fact that they all allow you to display your own circle of contacts and to communicate to and with these circles and beyond. Some common traits are enabling users to communicateShow MoreRelated Social Networks and Social Networking Sites Essay3605 Words   |  15 Pagessociety with the Internet readily available to many. Convenience and connection are vital to individuals, especially within the United States. Social networking sites have progressed to fit the demanding desires of today’s technological era (Albarran 118). The progression from the first social networking sites, such as Friendster or instant messaging, to the sites used today, such as Facebook and Twitter, has made a significant impact on society. Fifteen years ago it was unimaginable the advancementsRead MoreBSTRACT Social Networking sites are playing an important role in personal life as well as1300 Words   |  6 PagesBSTRACT Social Networking sites are playing an important role in personal life as well as business. A social networking site has become very popular for people to connect and share their interest with family and friends. Although the use of social networks is increasingly on the rise, many users are properly informed of the risks associated with using social networks. The risks as well as the security and privacy issues of social networks in business and public policy need to be evaluated and studiedRead MoreEssay on Social Networking Sites1624 Words   |  7 PagesEssay on Social Networking Sites Social networking sites peaked the year 2007. These sites encouraged online social connections. Early sites such as SixDegrees.com and Friendster allowed people to manage a list of friends. One drawback to these sites was that they did not offer users the ability to publish content like blogs. Social networking sites begin with a group of founders sending out messages to friends to join the network. In turn the friends send out messages to their friends, and theRead MoreThe Use of Social Networking Sites1657 Words   |  7 PagesAdvantages, Abuses and Dangers. Their Advantages, Abuses and Dangers. The Use of Social Networking Sites The Use of Social Networking Sites Introduction: Human beings by and large are social. They feel an inherent need to connect and expand their connections. There is a deep rooted need among humans to share. In the past, due to geographical distances and economic concerns, connections between people were limited. A social network is made up of individuals that are connected to one another by a particularRead MoreSocial Media And Social Networking1636 Words   |  7 Pagesalso known as social networking. Social networking is known as â€Å"forms of electronic communication (as Web sites for social networking and microblogging) through which users create online communities to share information, ideas, personal messages, and other content. (Meriam Webster).† Social networking has evolved over the decades starting off as only email to now many different ways to communicate; along with the way that it is used has grown. While the benefits of social networking include ease ofRead MoreThe Impact Of Internet On The Internet1681 Words   |  7 PagesWe are living in the 21st century and technology began to change very promptly. After the Supercomputers had introduced in the 1960s, scient ists and engineers started to develop the networks between those supercomputers, and later they discovered the internet, which is a global communication device where people all around the world can meet and talk about pretty much anything. The development of the internet age has enabled people to inhabit a life at a faster speed. In today’s society, many peopleRead MoreSolutions For The Over Use Of Social Networks For Youths1505 Words   |  7 PagesYiming Wang Morgan Chalfant English 102: J 29 October 2015 Solutions for the Over Use of Social Networks for Youths In modern times, technology is the most important object in people’s daily life. Social networks is experiencing explosive development. No matter where we are, park, restaurant, classroom, or coffee house, almost everyone bows their head and plays cell phones, smart phones, or laptops. New technologies have been becoming more and more popular, at the same time, immeasurableRead MoreSocial Networking and Japanese Children1056 Words   |  4 PagesBackground Social networking is not new, but really a part of human culture ever since prehistory. However, social networking to the nth level, globally and through the Internet, is clearly a late-20th, early 21st century, phenomenon. Social networks are social structures in which there are ties between individuals. These individuals form clusters of like-minded interests, commonalities, and/or cultural communities. Modern social networking sites began to become extremely popular when two thingsRead MoreSocial Networking120 0 Words   |  5 Pages2 OUTLINE TOPIC: Social Networking ORGANIZATIONAL PATTERN: Topical SPECIFIC PURPOSE: Informative THESIS STATEMENT: I will be informing the audience about social networking in three aspects. INTRODUCTION ATTENTION GETTER: When you log onto your computer and start up a web browser, what is the first website that comes to mind? Facebook? Myspace? Maybe Twitter? These websites are just some of the worlds top social networking sites in the worldwide webRead MoreEffects of Social Media on Society Essay1028 Words   |  5 PagesWith social network on the rise, and the large amount of young people that take part in social networking, there is question as to whether or not social media should be part of our education system. Propenents of social media point out the benefits of social media in regards to educational tools, and increased student engagement, while critics of social networking focus on subject like privacy, time, and miscommunication. Pros of Social Networking Today’s students are increasingly using

Food Security Free Essays

Kirsten Highsmith February 1,2013 Eng Humanities 2-1 Etymology Imperialism 1. (Noun): A policy of extending a country’s power and influence through diplomacy or military force; (Noun) The system, policies, or practices of such a government; (noun) an instance or policy of aggressive behaviour by one state against another 2. Imperialism originated in 1826 in a Napoleonic context, â€Å"advocacy of empire,†also of Rome and of British foreign policy, from imperial and -ism. We will write a custom essay sample on Food Security or any similar topic only for you Order Now At times in British usage with a neutral or positive sense relating to national interests or the spread of the benefits of Western civilization. . Imperialism is still in use. 4. Although Imperialism originated in 1826 it was first recorded 1878. It was picked up in Communist jargon by 1918. The term Imperialism applied to Western political and economic dominance in the 19th and 20th centuries. (etymonline. com) 5. A modern, interesting use of the word is that â€Å"Imperialism† is the name of a turn-based Strategy video game. Matrix 1. (Noun): An environment or material in which something develops; (Noun): A mass of fine-grained rock in which gems, crystals, or fossils are embedded; (Archaic)The womb; Archaic)The formative cells or tissue of a fingernail, toenail, or tooth; (Noun) A rectangular array of numeric or algebraic quantities subject to mathematical operations 2. Matrix originates from the Latin, female animal used for breeding, parent plant, from matr-, mater. Its first known use is 1555. Its also from the Old French word matrice. 3. Matrix is still in use, except for the third definition listed above. 4. â€Å"Matrix† is the Latin word for womb, and it retains that sense in English. It can also mean more generally any place in which something is formed or produced. The term â€Å"matrix† for an rray of numeric or algebraic quantities subject to mathematical operations was introduced in 1850 by James Joseph Sylvester. (ualr. edu) 5. A modern or interesting use of the term â€Å"Matrix† is that â€Å"Matrix† is the name of the brand new 2012 Toyota sports Car Sugar 1. (noun): A sweet crystalline substance obtained from various plants; (noun):Used as a term of endearment or an affectionate form of address; (noun): A psychoactive drug in the form of white powder 2. Sugar first originated in the late 13 century, â€Å"sugre†, from Old French. Its Medieval Latin word was succarum, and its Arabic word being sukkar 3. Sugar is still in use. . Sugars Old World home was India and it remained exotic in Europe until the Arabs began to cultivate it in Sicily and Spain; not until after the Crusades did it begin to rival honey as the West’s sweetener. 5. A modern or interesting use of the term sugar is that it is the name of a American alternative rock band which was first formed in 1992. Necromancer 1. (noun): A person who practices necromancy; a wizard or magician 2. Necromancer originated in c. 1300, from the Old French word nigromansere, 3. Necromancer is still in use. 4. The word necromancer is adapted from the word necromancy meaning a form of magic nvolving communication with the deceased. The word â€Å"necromancy† is adapted from Late Latin necromantia. Early necromancy volved from shamanism, which calls upon spirits such as the ghosts of ancestors. 5. A modern or interesting fact about the word necromancer is that in the popular video game Guild Wars a necromancer is a playab le character who can call on the spirits of the dead, and even death itself, to overpower enemies and assist allies. Works Cited 1. â€Å"Dictionary. com. † Thesaurus. com. N. p. , n. d. Web. 17 Jan. 2013. 2. â€Å"Etymology. † Behind the Name:. N. p. , n. d. Web. 17 Jan. 2013. 3. EtymologyAbout Our Definitions: All Forms of a Word (noun, Verb, Etc. )Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster, n. d. Web. 17 Jan. 2013. 4. â€Å"Online Etymology Dictionary. † Online Etymology Dictionary. N. p. , n. d. Web. 17 Jan. 2013. 5. Dictionary. com. Dictionary. com, n. d. Web. 17 Jan. 2013. Kirsten Highsmith February 1, 2013 Humanities II 2-1 Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa Food Security can be translated into many different definitions. Webster’s definition of it is, â€Å"Food security refers to the availability of food in sufficient quantity in a safe and nutritious form and one’s access to it for a healthy and active life. This definition for food security clearly sets out the different sections involved when discussing food security, globally. These sections include many different aspects of food security. For example: the physical availability of food, and economic access to food, and the sustainability of these aspects to deliver adequate levels of food security. â€Å"In Sub-Saharan Africa today, almost 33 percent of the population of sub-Saharan Africa lack sufficient food security†( â€Å"Achieving Food Security in Africa: Challenges and Issues†1). The region of Africa as a whole remains constant to frequent food crises and famines hich are triggered by droughts, floods, and economic downturns. Food Security in sub-Saharan African households has been lowered because of the countries inability to produce the right resources to import food. Sub-Saharan Africa is dependent on agriculture which is most vulnerable to climate change making many methods of development futile but few methods supply satisfactory results. The use of agriculture can improve food security in sub-Saharan Africa by changing to different farming techniques such as using mulching, composting and crop rotation. Mulching in Africa can help improve food security in a multitude of ways. Mulches are materials placed over the soil surface to mainta in moisture†(treesaregood). By using mulching plants and vegetables are able to contain moisture even under extreme weather conditions. This is beneficial to Sub-Saharan Africa because of the many droughts they get, it is harder for plants and vegetables to grow and soon end up dying. By maintaining water plants are able to grow healthier and stronger. Water conservation is not the only thing mulching can help with. â€Å"Coupled with conserving moisture mulching prevents the compression and crusting of the soil aused by watering, and rain†( Russell). Because of the unpredictable rain in the Sub-Saharan, the soil is compressed and losses water which leads to the drying out and crusting of plants. By using mulching it helps stops moisture from traveling up through the soil, and leaving behind the dissolved minerals as a crust which would have blocked the plants from growing to the surface. Mulches also provide food for earth worms. â€Å"Earthworms are a valuable resour ce in the garden, Earthworms tunnel deep into the soil allowing air and water to easily reach plant roots†( mulchingaround). By mulch attracting earthworms plants are able to obtain water and oxygen easier which allows the soil to become richer and grow faster, which is exactly what the soil in the Sub-Saharan needs. Mulching helps improve food security by allowing plants and vegetables in the Sub-Saharan to grow at a faster rate which can be harvested and available more to different parts of the region. Tons of waste is generated through Africa and usually ends up in wastelands or turned into open dumps. Composting is an easy way of getting rid of waste in the Sub-Saharan and at the same time helping the environment. Composting is to fertilize with a mixture of decaying organic matter. †(Dictionary). Compost decomposes all the organic material and creates soil. By creating soil, it allows for a lot more room to plant and grown food making it widely available and easy to access. . â€Å"Small-scale farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa and the entire African continent can improve yields by up to 100% throug h combining fertilizer micro dosing and manures application†( New Farming Techniques Help Improve Food Security). By adding different types of compost together farmers in the Sub-Saharan can help improve soil and plant growth by 00%, this percentage can drastically help improve food security all over the African region by using organic materials to help create compost. By using compost, Africa’s plant growth can improve by enriching the soil that it gets its nutrients from. â€Å"Compost also has the benefit of adding organic matter to the soil†( The New Vision for Agriculture: Transforming agriculture through collaboration). By adding organic material to soil it gives it the nutrients it needs to grow faster and helps contain water. There have also been new methods of composting called a â€Å"Compost toilet†. Composting toilets are toilet systems which treat human waste by composting and dehydration to produce a useable end-product that is a valuable soi l additive†( What is a Composting Toilet? ). Compost toilets allow waste entering the toilet to be evaporated into the atmosphere through the vent leaving amount of soil to be used as a natural fertilizer. As helpful as compost toilets are they are quite expensive which makes it harder for Sub-Saharan to use and can slowly but surely improve the food security issue. Crop rotation in sub-Saharan Africa isn’t anything new and has been allowing a more diverse roup of foods to grow which expands the choice of food. â€Å"A crop rotation is a series of different crops planted in the same field following a defined seasonal order† (merriam-webster). There is a wide diversity of cropping systems in sub-Saharan Africa. â€Å"A three years’ trial was held in a farmers’ field in Ghana to study the effect of sole crops â€Å"crops that are grown alone† compared to conventional crop rotation†( Magdoff). The studies showed that crop rotation allowed a faster growing and more diverse choice of food by using crop rotation. Through rotations, labor is educed and better distributed throughout the year allowing for a more organized labor structure. â€Å"Crop rotation can also balance the production of residues by alternating crops that produce few and or short-lived residues†(Toensmeier). This allows a lesser amount residues left over and allows them to be removed. With more residue removed it easier to grow more plants as well. â€Å"Many crops may have positive effects on succeeding crops in the rotation, leading to greater production overall†(Kroeck). Because of the positives effects of crop rotation sub-Saharan Africa has made it one of its number one food security support methods. By allowing greater production crop rotation allows for better access to food and availability which increase the amount of food security in the Sub-Saharan and other counties. There are many different reasons why Sub-Saharan Africa suffers from low food security one of them being the effect of greenhouse gases on the environment. â€Å"Greenhouse gas emissions per person from urban waste management activities are greater in sub-Saharan African countries than in other developing countries, and are increasing as the population becomes more urbanized†( waste management through composting in Africa). As Africa becomes more rbanized the waste becomes greater and harder to contain. The waste from greenhouse gasses effects the agriculture making it hard to grow food, which lowers its food security even more. Climate change also plays a huge role in agriculture. â€Å"African countries are particularly vulnerable to climate change because of their dependence on rain fed agriculture, high levels of poverty†(Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture). Because of the ever changing climate and the dependence on rain, it makes agriculture hard to become fully sufficient, if the crops aren’t getting enough rain and minerals needed. Manpowered labor is a necessity in increasing food security through agriculture. â€Å"It is to be expected that the HIV/AIDS epidemic will cause serious damage to the agriculture sector in those countries, especially in countries that rely heavily on manpower for production. †( V. IMPACT ON AGRICULTURE). Because of the HIV/AIDS epidemic many farmers and workers have become ill and unable to produce crops which leads to declining yields and agriculture production. The reduction of production because of HIV/AIDS in Africa has led to food insecurity. After researching the food security situation in sub-Saharan Africa and food security in ther countries the research shows that they cannot improve if more attention and support is not given to agriculture development. By using crop rotation, mulching and composting, farmers can cultivate their farms and use the same plots in repeatedly. Crop rotation allows for a more diverse choice of food and greater production overall. Mulching conserves moisture and improves the fertility and health of the soil. Composting is used as a soil conditioner and natural fertilizer. One major benefit of these farming methods is that it allows people to stop using slash and burn cultivation. Agriculture can be the basis for solid and diversified economic growth. Works Cited 1. â€Å"Agriculture and Food Security | World Economic Forum – Agriculture and Food Security. † Agriculture and Food Security. N. p. , n. d. Web. 17 Jan. 2013. 2. â€Å"Compost. † Organics South Africa. N. p. , n. d. Web. 17 Jan. 2013. 3. â€Å"CSIRO. † Facing Africa’s Food Security Challenges. N. p. , n. d. Web. 17 Jan. 2013. 4. Devereux, Stephen, and Simon Maxwell. Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa. London: ITDG, 2001. Print. 5. â€Å"Economist Intelligence Unit. † Global Food Security Index. N. p. , n. d. Web. 17 Jan. 2013. 6. â€Å"New Farming Techniques Help Improve Food Security. † New Farming Techniques Help Improve Food Security. N. p. , n. d. Web. 17 Jan. 2013. 7. â€Å"New Farming Techniques Help Improve Food Security. † Solomon Times Online RSS. N. p. , n. d. Web. 17 Jan. 2013. 8. â€Å"SECTION I: SOIL COMPACTION-CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES. † Soil Compaction: Causes, Effects, and Control. N. p. , n. d. Web. 03 Feb. 2013. 9. â€Å"Reusing Organic Solid Waste in Urban Farming in African Cities: A Challengefor Urban Planners. † Urban Agriculture in West Africa. N. p. , n. d. Web. 03 Feb. 2013. How to cite Food Security, Essays

Investigating Road Networks Requirement To Meet Demand - Samples

Question: Discuss about the Investigating Road Networks Requirement To Meet Demand Of Autonomous Vehicles. Answer: Project description The emergent of autonomous vehicle through the efforts of Google and Audi has raised new demands and requirements on the road networks. These vehicles are designed to travel on the same road networks with human driven cars (Gao, 2014). Therefore there is requirement for the autonomous vehicles to understand road network to enhance the safety measures. The road network needs to be fitted with technologies which can communicate with the autonomous car technology. This will ensure that the safety of the roads is enhanced. This report will analyze the different key aspects which the road networks need to be upgraded to accommodate the autonomous vehicles while maintaining high level of safety. Sensors and detectors are main parts which form the autonomous technology on vehicles. Road network has different terrains which affect the movement of vehicles on them. the autonomous vehicle need to detect any change on the terrain and change the different parameters such as speed (Rezaei Klette, 2017). These technologies need to be enhanced to ensure that the communication between the autonomous vehicles and road network is perfect. First, the autonomous vehicle has to understand the different status of the road networks. Factors considered for project selection AV is new topic and the public have little knowledge on it. Learning the interaction between AV and human on road networks is important I have high interest in solving obstruction on roads especially when machine has to make decisions which affect other road users. This project will look at the conflicts which AV is likely to face on road section and provide viable solutions. Hour to be spent on the project per week Between 9 and 13 hours. Under this article, Gao (2014) considers the problems which are experienced while implementing model predictive controllers for lane keeping. The autonomous vehicles have to interact with other vehicles on which lane they keep. Obstacles are faced while the AV is on the road and the controller has to earn and determine the result of the decision to be taken. Road network may include some sensors which will help the AV to function well and ensure that they avoid any irrelevant obstacles faced on the road. This article considers the use of MPC to help overcome the obstacles such as other roads and different roads statuses. This article is able to focus on the state of AV and driver and road monitoring. Rezaei and Klette (2017) looks to address challenges which drivers on road networks face when they interact with AV. In addition, this article looks at scenario of a driver operating a semi-autonomous vehicle. In this, the article provides different road factors which the driver has to concentrate on and the way to enhance the safety parameters. The authors provide the general overview of the way computer vision technologies operate to assist drivers and AV on roads. The article looks at the effects of introduction of Av on roads. The main aim of the article and authors is to show the way the interaction of AVs with other roads user on the roads. Obstacles such as pedestrians on the roads are some of the authors look at. The pedestrian will be unable to differentiate between human driven vehicles and AVs. This means that the AVs must learnt and detect obstructions and make viable decisions. Rodri?guez (2017) analyzes the different ways the pedestrians have to react while having the AVs on roads. These are important obstacles which the AVs will have to detect and make decisions upon interacting with them. Traffic management is one of the important points this article is able to present. The AVs will have to interact with different traffic measures and utilities when on road networks. Their interaction and decision making will be important to road safety. Gora (2018) makes the analysis on the ability of the AVs to evaluate different traffic conditions and their level of decisions making. Road network utilities such as traffic signals and route assignments are some of road factors which the author highlight to be able to affect the AVs. System boundaries are one of the major challenges which AVs are likely to face. According to Walch et al., (2017), this challenge may be solved through bimodal handover assistance. This technology will involve auditory and visual elements of monitoring AVs. This article looks at measures which can be used to enhance the safety of AVs while on roads. This article focuses on the way to reduce the crash level for the AV technology. The obstructions on roads are indicators of major accidents and crash when different capacities of vehicles interact. The AV technology is meant to make the road networks safer and this article analysis the worth of the technology on the roads. This article looks at different measures and reaction which the public has to take in order to enhance the AV technology. The AVs are likely to be impacted a lot by the reaction and performance of the public at the road networks. The article shows that there are different measures which the public has to take to ensure that AVs are less obstructed on the roads. The journal indicates that the public need more information to understand the AVs and therefore help them in transferring the road networks. The communication in road networks is essential to enhance the movement of traffic. The AVs communication with human driver vehicles and AVs is important to enhance traffic flow. This will ensure that the two are able o enhance flow on the roads. This article looks at communication channels and problems faced when AVs are introduced on the roads. This article tries to solve issues related to obstructions of AV. The key issue which the article is related to is the use of AV in agricultural setup. The authors focus on enhancing the detection of obstacles in agricultural setup for the AV. Wang et al., (2010) look at different issues related issues between the Av and outside world to enhance the safety measures. This helps to determine the effectiveness of the use of cameras as sensors at different parts of the fields. Automated calibration method is utilized in the experimental to help solve issues related to the safety issues while the AVs are on roads. This article looks at the development of Av and its interaction with the road networks. The conference looked at different measures which can be made to enhance the safety measures on roads while using the AV. It addition looks at intelligent control systems which can be developed on road network. These will be used to enhance the safety measures of the road network. Autonomous robots are one of the key ideas which the article develops to enhance the safety measures on the roads when using AV. Bibliography Gao, Y. (2014). Model Predictive Control for Autonomous and Semiautonomous Vehicles. Berkeley, CA. Wang, Q., Zhang, Q., Zhang, Q., Amir, E., Grift, T. E., Hansen, A. C., Tian, L. (2010). Autonomous machine vision for off-road vehicles in unstructured fields. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois. International Conference on Intelligent Autonomous Systems, Lee, S. (2013). Intelligent autonomous systems 12: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference IAS-12, held June 26-29, 2012, Jeju Island, Korea. Heidelberg: Springer. Pettigrew, S. (February 23, 2017). Why public health should embrace the autonomous car. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 41, 1, 5-7. Fa?rber, B. (January 01, 2016). Communication and Communication Problems Between Autonomous Vehicles and Human Drivers. Berkeley, CA. Vishwajit, N., Rijita, P., Rajesh, S., Sahadev, R. (January 01, 2016). Low-Cost Crash Protection System for Heavy Motor Vehicles. Cham, Switzerland : Springer. Walch, M., Mhl, K., Baumann, M., Weber, M. (April 01, 2017). Autonomous Driving: Investigating the Feasibility of Bimodal Take-Over Requests. International Journal of Mobile Human Computer Interaction (ijmhci), 9, 2, 58-74. Rezaei, M., Klette, R. (2017). Computer vision for driver assistance: Simultaneous traffic and driver monitoring. Cham, Switzerland : Springer. Gora, P. (January 01, 2018). Simulation-Based Traffic Management System for Connected and Autonomous Vehicles. Heidelberg: Springer. Rodri?guez Palmeiro, Ana (author). (2017). Interaction between pedestrians and Wizard of Oz automated vehicles. Cham, Switzerland : Springer.

Despite apparently urging us to ‘hug a hoodie’ Essay Example Essay Example

Despite apparently urging us to ‘hug a hoodie’ Essay Example Paper Despite apparently urging us to ‘hug a hoodie’ Essay Introduction This essay discusses the fact that, despite seemingly pressing us to ‘hug a hoodie ‘ in 2006, in May 2007, David Cameron stated that â€Å" Aggressive hoodies who threaten the remainder of us must be punished. They need to cognize the difference between right and incorrect, and it ‘s our occupation to state them † . With this in head, this essay explores the economic logical thinking behind the debut of the Anti-Social Behaviour Order ( ASBO ) , discoursing the effectivity of this policy. As portion of this treatment, the likely impact of the scope of alternate policies designed to restrict ‘yob ‘ civilization is besides addressed. The economic logical thinking of the ASBO policy is that it will be cheaper to administrate and implement ASBO’s than to cover with the effects of anti-social behavior. This logical thinking will be analysed now in footings of measuring the costs of administrating ASBO’s and the costs of implementing ASBOà ¢â‚¬â„¢s and whether these outweigh the costs of any harm that is caused as a consequence of anti-social behavior. Campbell ( 2002 ) reported that the cost of an ASBO is?4800 including the staffing costs of fixing the instance and attending meetings. although as the disposal of ASBO’s has become more straightforward, as clip has gone on, the costs have been estimated to hold gone down. The Home Office ( 2005 ) followed on from Campbell ( 2002 ) , describing that the 2004 ASBO Cost Survey revealed the mean cost of an ASBO to be?2500 ( excepting costs related to breaches or entreaties ) , nevertheless, the same study found the maximal cost of an ASBO was found to be?10,250. Therefore, the mean cost of an ASBO has so lowered since the ASBO’s were introduced, most likely as a effect of the disposal of them going more straightforward as clip has gone on, but this is anmeancost merely, non taking in to account the vagaries of each single instance nor any excess costs from en treaties and breaches of ASBO’s. Despite apparently urging us to ‘hug a hoodie’ Essay Body Paragraphs The same study ( Home Office, 2005 ) showed that the people responsible for administrating ASBO’s thought that the cost of obtaining an ASBO would ensue in nest eggs elsewhere, and that the cost of obtaining an ASBO were deserving the result of the ASBO, with those interviewed, on norm, being undiscouraged from taking an ASBO due to the cost of the ASBO. Thus, the costV.benefit analysis of an ASBO calls in favor of the ASBO being issued, as it is expected that the ASBO will ensue in nest eggs subsequently on, in footings of salvaging staffing costs, legal costs, the cost of fixs and insurance claims that might ensue from ongoing anti-social behaviors ( Campbell, 2002 ) . There are other, indirect cost benefits: for illustration, publishing ASBO’s might besides cut down the figure of vacant belongingss on estates, through a decrease in anti-social behavior and an addition in the willingness on the portion of people to return to antecedently ‘problem’ estates , increasing the rental income ( Campbell, 2002 ) . This was by and large merely in the instance of ‘straightforward’ ASBO’s, nevertheless, with the resources that are needed to cover with a breach of an ASBO being prohibitory in the heads of many of those interviewed, as transgressing an ASBO can ensue in excess costs, many clip the value of the original ASBO. Thus, whilst the cost of a ‘straightforward’ ASBO has been reduced since their debut, taking to ASBO’s being good in footings of cost-benefit analyses, in footings of cut downing the potency for future costs if the ASBO was non administered, there are still concerns amongst the decision makers of ASBO’s as to the costs that are entailed when an ASBO is breached. Whilst an ASBO is a civil affair, transgressing an ASBO is a condemnable affair and needs to be dealt with as such, implying legal fees and costs of lodging guilty wrongdoers in prison. The costs of publishing ASBOs are m onolithic, with 9853 ASBO’s issued in 2005, across England and Wales, at an mean cost of?2500, giving a entire cost of about?25 million. This is excepting any breaches of the ASBOs, something that will add a monolithic cost to the entire one-year cost of ASBO enforcement, as it is a fact that 40 % of ASBOs are breached in any one twelvemonth with â€Å"nearly 50 immature people in detention for transgressing an ASBO in any month in 2004† ( Youth Information, 2008 ) . Therefore, the existent costs of ASBO’s are non, as has been stated by Campbell ( 2002 ) and the Home Office ( 2005 ) , they are really far higher than this, due to the highly high figure of breaches of the ASBO’s that occur and the excess costs that are entailed one an ASBO has been breached, in footings of legal fees, staff costs and the costs of hosting an person in prison for up to five old ages ( the upper limit punishment for a breach of an ASBO ) . In any one twelvemonth, hence, the co st of an mean ASBO, taking in to account the breaches, is far higher than even the?4800 reported by Campbell ( 2002 ) . It has proven impossible to even get down to measure the potency, existent, costs of anti-social behavior, as anti-social behavior, as defined by the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 is, â€Å"any behaviour which causes or is likely to do torment, dismay or hurt to one or more people who are non in the same family as the perpetrator† . This definition is broad and unfastened to a assortment of readings, many of which curtail the freedoms of persons ( is playing a fiddle severely whilst practising cause for an ASBO to be initiated, for illustration, as it could be argued to straiten one or more people? ) , all of which are impossible to measure in footings of their negative fiscal impact ( s ) on the people who express their dismay or hurt. The economic logical thinking behind the ASBO statute law can non, hence, be assessed objectively due to the deficiency of an y existent figures for the cost of anti-social behavior to society. What is known, nevertheless, is that ASBO disposal and enforcement costs many 1000000s of lbs each twelvemonth and, worse than this, is taking to the demonization of immature people, through mention to footings such ‘yob culture’ which are closely tied to the ASBO phenomenon. Whilst it is obvious that there are some job young person, many of whom do set about felon behaviors which should, and are, punished through the young person tribunals, immature people – in general – are being victimised by the media and by politicians, with any behavior that is seen as ‘anti-social’ being stigmatised through the fond regard of an ASBO and its subsequent criminilisation if the ASBO is deemed to hold been breached. As Campbell ( 2002 ) stated, â€Å"problem-solving can aim the causes of anti-social behavior and is frequently effectual without the demand for the concluding measure of using for an ASBO being necessary† . There are, hence, other methods of undertaking anti-social behavior without tie ining anti-social behavior with condemnable behavior ( as a breach of an ASBO can take to a prison sentence ) : it is, after all, the ceasing of the anti-social behavior that is sought, non the criminalization of our young person. It is possibly clip to work with immature people to understand their demands and their defeats, instead than demonizing and endangering their freedom of look with ASBO’s with clear condemnable intensions. Hirstet Al.( 2007 ) , for illustration, looked at wages strategies for pro-social behavior in immature people, demoing that two strategies which award points for pro-social behavior which can so be reclaimed for ‘treats’ were highly successful in promoting long-run pro-social, civic, behavior in the immature people who participated in the strategies. David Cameron’s recent suggestions for National Citizens Servic e follows a similar thought, that immature people should be encouraged to make something for their community, although the strategy lacks administration and, as such, it is ill-defined how it would work, practically. The suggestion of such strategies to workwithimmature people to promote civic behavior are promoting in footings of stoping this ambiance of demonizing all immature people. Not all immature people are ‘yob’s and handling them as such is non helpful in footings of hammering a responsible coevals. Our young person are criminalised at every chance, from ‘pirating’ music, which is deemed illegal to protect the net incomes of companies ( see Lessig, 2005 ) , to commanding their behaviors through the debut and enforcement of ASBO’s which, as has been seen, have the power to command â€Å"anybehavior which causes or is likely to do torment, dismay or hurt to one or more people who are non in the same family as the perpetrator† . Young pe ople are being controlled more now than of all time antecedently, in a society that is unequal in footings of the distribution of wealth ( see Dorlinget al. ,2007 ) : possibly this is one cause for the visual aspect of a ‘yob culture’ , and is surely a cause that needs to be dealt with, politically, for the benefit of all of society. Covering with ‘yob culture’ in isolation will ne’er work until the root causes of such jobs are dealt with. Economically blemished statements such as the ASBO statute law merely adds to the feeling that the Government is acquiring it incorrect in footings of covering with immature people with jobs. Mentions Campbell, S. ( 2002 ) . A reappraisal of anti-social behavior orders. Home Office Research Study 236. London: Home Office. Available from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs2/r160.pdf [ Accessed on 5th March 2008 ] . Dorling, D.et Al.( 2007 ) . Poverty, wealth and topographic point in Britain , 1968 to 2005. Joseph Rowntree Foundation. Hirst, J.et Al.( 2007 ) . An rating of two enterprises to honor immature people. Joseph Rowntree Foundation. Home Office ( 2005 ) . The cost of anti-social behavior orders. Home Office Smmary Report, March 2005, Available from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.respect.gov.uk/uploadedFiles/Members_site/Documents_and_images/Enforcement_tools_and_powers/ASBOS_CostReportMar05_0046.pdf [ Accessed on 5th March 2008 ] . Home Office ( 2006 ) . Anti-social behaviour orders. Statistics. Available from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.crimereduction.homeoffice.gov.uk/asbos/asbos2.htm [ Accessed 6th March 2008 ] . Lessig, L. ( 2005 ) .Free Culture: The nature and hereafter of Creativity.Penguin. Young person Information ( 2008 ) . Anti-social behavior orders ( ASBO’s ) . Available from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.youthinformation.com/Templates/Internal.asp? Node91800 [ Accessed 6ThursdayMarch 2008 ] . We will write a custom essay sample on Despite apparently urging us to ‘hug a hoodie’ Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Despite apparently urging us to ‘hug a hoodie’ Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Despite apparently urging us to ‘hug a hoodie’ Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

How to Grow Black Crystals

How to Grow Black Crystals This crystal growing recipe produces black crystals. You can make them solid black like black diamonds, or translucent black like smoky quartz. Materials Black food coloring is used to make black crystals. While this crystal recipe calls for borax, you could grow black sugar crystals or rock candy, if you prefer. The black pipe-cleaner is not essential, but it provides a good surface for crystal growth and is not visible underneath the dark crystals. BoraxHot waterWide mouth jar or glassBlack pipe-cleanersBlack food coloring Directions Bend the black pipe-cleaner into any shape you like, as long as it will fit inside the glass or jar you are using to grow the crystals. Bend an end of the pipe-cleaner over a pencil or butter knife so that the shape will be hanging inside the jar. Try to keep the pipe-cleaner shape from touching the sides or bottom of the container. Remove the shape and set it aside.Prepare the crystal growing solution. Fill the jar with boiling water. Stir borax into the water a little at a time until it stops dissolving. You will need about 3 tablespoons of borax for each cup of water. It is fine if a small amount of undissolved borax remains on the bottom of the container.Stir in 5 to 10 drops of black food coloring. A smaller number of drops will produce translucent black crystals. If you use a lot of black food coloring, you can get solid black crystals.Place the pipe-cleaner shape in the jar. Allow the crystals to grow several hours or overnight. Try to avoid disturbing the crystals. You wont b e able to see into the jar to see how they are doing. Wait several hours before checking on their progress. When you are satisfied with the crystals, remove them and hang them or set them on a paper towel to dry. The black food coloring can stain your hands, clothing, and furniture.

Politics and Economics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Politics and Economics - Research Paper Example Man is always changing – from his physical traits to his values and cultures. He changes even his way of life in order to cope with his ever changing environment. Because of the changes in his environment, economic resources have become scarce. This is the main reason for us to economize (McConnell & Brue, 2005). We need to make economic choices every day of our life – from choosing our food to eat, deciding what and where to buy our clothes and how much fuel should be filled in our car. And in every decision that we make, we has to forgo an alternative and incur a cost. In our decision makings, we need to consider the prices we have to pay. Prices in the economy may affect individuals’ buying behaviors and decisions. Prices of goods imported to the U.S. may affect the individuals’ decision making. Principles of economics can explain the behaviors of both sellers and consumers towards price changes. We, as consumers, tend to buy more when prices are lower and buy less or even delay buying when prices are high. However, the reported drop in the prices of imported goods could also be attributed to the increase in goods imported to the United States.

Hold on to Your Dreams Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hold on to Your Dreams - Essay Example    The first step of my long journey was to get my father’s consent. My family tried to persuade me to change my mind. But I was a rock which let the waves of their arguments just wash over me. My reply to every objection was, â€Å"If you love me, let me go.† Finally, my father agreed to give me the freedom to pursue my dream. But I now faced a bigger hurdle: My father could not afford the financial costs of my studies. My application for a scholarship was turned down because I did not have the necessary background in Science. My disappointment ate into my heart like acid. I thought, ‘Maybe I should accept what cannot be changed.’ Then, my love for the field of medicine made me work as a call center representative and as a translator at hospitals, just so I could be a part of the world of doctors and nurses. Although my dream of wearing scrubs seemed to be far beyond my reach, I absorbed medical information. I became a part of the hospital community, which wa s a family to me. I accepted that my dream would always remain a dream, locked in its box. I was content to live in the hospital world. Then one calm, sunny day, a storm rushed through my life, cleared away all the doubts in my mind, and opened my eyes again. My best friend, Name, showed a flushed face, heavy sweating, and sudden tremors. But she said, â€Å"Don’t worry, Daliya. I’m fine.† As we worked in the office, my calm and patient friend screamed, and knocked everything on her table to the ground. Obviously, she was ill. Obviously, she was ill. The name was diagnosed with depression and started on medication. The next morning, Name was in the hospital with severe palpitations and high blood pressure. She was hooked to a saline drip. But there was no change in her situation. Suddenly, Name started to fight for breath and bloated like a balloon.  

Integrated Marketing Communication Concepts Analysis

Integrated Marketing Communication Concepts Analysis The purpose of any given organizations in the globalised market place today is to create a connecting link with customer, and communicate their brands in the most feasible ways. Creating customer or to be precise building relationship with customers though is not an easy task. It calls for advancement in marketing medium and communication tactics. Organizational operation and their purpose are to create the value chain and build a relationship with consumer through communications and its forms. In such situation the importance of integrated marketing communication can be traced. The primary aim of this report limits its research on the concepts of Integrated marketing communication. The concepts meaning of integrated marketing communication or that which we can understands by any other word such as corporate communication tool or advertisement is aimed primarily at the public via a variety of interactive tools, such as corporate advertisings, its publicity, public affairs, governance besides the compounding management issues and public relations as well as corporate sponsorship. (Luiz Moutinho, 2004, p. 179) These process combined together play an instrumental in todays organization. In that essence, the structure of this report is limited to identify the issues encompassing IMC, as well as to define the idea as to where the object of IMC takes roots from. In doing so, understanding the meaning of marketing communication is important and relevant from a theoretical point of view, which this essay attempt to trace the implication if any through its discussion encompassing IMC concepts that are very much in practice today. Marketing processes is corporation one focal point. Marketing helps corporations to sells their products and services or experts. We have come across the adage all that glitters, isnt gold as well as the saying there is more to things than just meet the eyes. These phrases have more philosophical meaning behind their originations. And when linked with marketing communication for examples there is an interrelated meaning as well, given that consumers today are more aware than ever before. Before deciding on any particular purchase they undertake a thorough outlook as to where the idea of corporation communication links with them. Add to it, we see reason enough that corporation are tying every possible measures to connect with consumers. The adage consumer is king hold true in a sense that consumer does much of the talking; deciding, etc that goes into the making of their purchasing capacity. The better the communication marketing appeal, the greater is the scope for corporation to bu ilt relationship with consumers in the market. The medium used in marketing is meant to reach consumer and communicate to them in the most feasible way. In every sphere of our life somewhat we have come across advertisements, e-mailer in our inbox that brief about a particular product, and all components of brandishing through billboards, etc. besides, we have also come across the point as corporate sponsorship. Corporate sponsorship to be precise is the frequent case that we see corporate logo in football grounds and amongst players. Somewhat we wonder also as to what is all about CSR concepts adopted by many corporations today? Question and counter question that we often presume also is that why does communication undertake all these at one go? We can understand that there is a marketing concept behind it all, but the question is why? In that assumption we can speculate that all factor encompassing the one as detailed above have a lot to do with the concepts of integrated marketing communication. But how, and what detrimental v alue does it communicate with consumers in the market? Why does it arise so? Does IMC in any instance provide a sense of belonging with consumers? Yes it does. Generally from our understanding it is considered that marketing itself is a fundamental organizational function. The best way that corporation in the current scenario are marketing their product is through the integration of effective marketing channels or tool to connect and build relationship with consumer in the market. Such mechanism and its concepts that have undergone a change of guards and making inroads in corporation marketing are the integrated marketing communication concepts. It is that branch of the overall marketing process that encompasses process such as planning product promotions, its advertising, corporate sponsorships and the likes. Most importantly the question that arises again is that does an IMC concept impact upon the purchasing power of consumers and their mindset? The answer is yes. There is a grea t many values attached to IMC concepts in the marketing realms, especially in today competitive environment, where only the fittest survives and where technology and different forms of media play a significant role. When we emphasize on these points the importance of IMC can be traced. And it should be clarified herein that the primary focus of this work is to address these three main assumptions:- What is Integrated Marketing Communication? What is the reason behind Corporations favoring IMC Concepts at its Best for Promotional Purposes? What Defines IMC and its Appeals as far as Advertisement and Promotional Objectives goes? Does Embracing the Concepts of IMC is difficult for Corporation To come to this conclusion is rather hard. Thus, it could be prudent that each assumption is discussed separately, as detailed below. 1. WHAT IS INTEGRATED MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS? We can define integrated marketing communication in the word of Terence A. Shimp, as a communication process that entails the planning, integration, creation, and implementation of diverse forms of mass communication such as, advertising, sales promotions, publicity releases or press releases and events that are delivered overtime to a brands targeted customer and prospects. (Shimp, 2008) The goals thus are to influence the behavioral conditioning of consumer and their perceptions of things. To sum it up, integrated marketing communication takes an extensive formulation of covering every minute detail that bridges the gaps between consumer and producers in the market, where the media comes in handy to make the connecting links and channelize the same in the most feasible ways. (Shimp, 2008, p. 10) It also should be understood that marketing communications concepts arise from communication and its meaning. Communication as we can understand in simple language is that condition that accumulates together the aspects wherein sharing or exchanging of informations between two parties is made possible. Furthermore, it also links together the components of reaching to the means of communication for an end results, let say the mechanism or tools that are used for the same. Above all, communications in any given standards is not one way; assert learned men and scholars such as Paul Russell Smith and Jonathan Taylor. (Paul Russell Smith, 2004, p. 72) Besides, understanding the concepts of communication also directly register with us and a layman understanding of the same. The overall aspect of marketing communication also is one subset of the subject matter that concerns itself with the concepts of marketing. Marketing communication is a set of purposive activities, linked and coordinated to some degree. (Jain, 2008, p. 1) From this notion and when we come to the conceptualization of the idea behind marketing communication we can readily identify also the substance or the significance attached to it, which we assume organizations are banking heavily as a factor for sustenance and growth, given that marketing processes and its activities in many forms and parts asserts scholars relies heavily on communication formats; wherein such marketing process and procedures is to directly informs potential customer of a product offering or factor such as in creating a brand image in the marketplace and any other process such as customer feed backs in improving processes or products that marketers initiates. In that components accumulated and buildup together thus, marketing research also comes in handy and is effective, (Guy Masterman, 2006, p. 4) and is often looked also as a typical tools for promotional and advertising activities and to connect with consumers. Moreover, what has been the very discussed and augmented point on the subject matter and the very essence of marketing communication also often raises the question as to how marketers communicate with their target markets? Simply put in what marketers actually do in essence is the fact that everything they do is communicates, (Ludi Koekemoer, 2004, p. 1) through proper channels, and by using relevant marketing tools to their advantages for communications. Such a communication process take stage or come to fore because it helps corporation in many ways to bridge the gap of communication with the market or consumers as the case is, and thus good communication is based on an orientation around a dominant, rational big brand idea as corporations calls it, which acts as a tool or platform for creating, involving and sustaining customer engagement. (Micael Dahlà ©n, 2009, p. 2) Comprehending together these notion overall as can be laid emphasis upon we feel that every dynamic organization s today and in the current schemes of things takes an interested approach towards reaching the means to an end for their offering, be it products or services, and marketing communication is thus the most visible of marketing functions (Copley, 2004, p. 1) for reaching such an ends to the result oriented targeted activities, which is also the very salient object of marketing concepts itself and that which we will further evaluate and comprehend the very idea that erupts and that which we can lay out hands on the arguments that arises with integrated marketing communications and its meaning overall as discussed below. 2. WHAT IS THE REASON BEHIND CORPORATIONS FAVORING IMC CONCEPTS AT ITS BEST FOR PROMOTIONAL PURPOSES? There can be many reasons for this. As we can understand, the conceptual evaluation of the meaning integrated marketing communication has a lot to do with marketing concepts as one bigger picture of it all. Often we begin to argue in that direction considering a typical organization where advertising is controlled by the marketing department, where as selling is the responsibility of the sales department and the websites is controlled and maintained by IT services. (Graeme Drummond, 2005, p. 149) This is really what composed the conditionality of todays modern organizations. Often we wonder wont such a process interfere with the overall concepts of marketing? And how does things can be assured that consumer get or receives the right and correct message from the company concerned when marketing are integrated in departmental wise? To put emphasis on this notion and this views that arises in that regard, the answer we feel lays in the objective of integrated marketing communication. Integrated marketing communications in all aspects attempts to use together the various communication message or tool used by the organization into one meaningful coherent message. (Graeme Drummond, 2005, p. 149) Add to it, Marketing in the current scheme of things also is in a state of transformation. (Copley, 2004, p. 4) As we are aware, a new era is unfolding in the fields of advertising, promotions, and marketing communications. (Clow, 2007, p. 43) This is true, considering that the presence of media and its advancement have given abundant option available for marketers to bank and capitalize from. In that context, this is also where the very essence and substance of marketing communication comes into play in the overall picture that composed marketing and its principles. 3. WHAT DEFINES IMC AND ITS APPEALS AS FAR AS ADVERTISEMENT AND PROMOTIONAL OBJECTIVES GOES? When we come to this part of the discussion, often the very first question that we encounter with is the importance attached to integrated marketing communication. Does the substantial element attached to integrated marketing communication assist managers and marketers in the promotional processes and its integration? The answer to this point as we can comprehend and build up our arguments and reasoning logically is, yes. As we have already defined the basis of integrated marketing management, we see reason enough that it components is linked to many befitting ends results as a means to an end that marketers emphasize upon. To justify this view firstly, we should try and attempt to understand the role that integrated marketing communications plays in todays organizations and their marketing prospects. The very essence and meaningful conceptualization of the word advertising and its role in integrated marketing communication is looked upon from the broader element attached to it. Take for examples factor attached to advertising within the integrated marketing communication campaigns and its activities must have a consistent look and feel, even though brand advertising to consumers will generally be different from retails advertising from consumers. Yet all such campaigns have their own objectives and purpose. (Percy, 2008, p. 83) This is all about what we can sum up as the very basis and objectives of strategic integrated marketing communications. Scholars such as Peter Drucker said that any business has two basic requirements, one is marketing, and the other is innovations. (Varey, 2002, p. 1) This is true and applicable in today organizations environment as well. But what is innovation in that sense of the term? We feel that IMC concepts have much to be viewed in that point as well. Add to it, consumer in today environment also are more interactive and swift, given that they accepts a wide variety of information from media in many forms and formats. Marketers in that situation have a fair control over what customer and prospects hear or learn about their products. (Don E. Schultz, 1993, p. 43) Thus, on the basis of these points we can emphasize also as to where to trace the significance of integrated marketing communication. The greater instance of the subject matter argument is that even in the current scheme of things advertising agencies are still searching for the best way to incorporate the concepts and practice of integrated marketing communication. (Tom Duncan, 1996, p. 13) To top it all, the nature and scope of advertising in context of integrated marketing communication is simply a means or a marketing tools that helps sells brands of products and help top build confidence in companies and institutions by conveying accurate and compelling informations to customers about the brand, or anything in that regard. (Ludi Koekemoer, 2004, p. 65) 4. DOES EMBRACING THE CONCEPTS OF IMC IS DIFFICULT FOR CORPORATION When debating to this point, the answer is yes and no, given that it depends greatly how the concepts is emulated for practical purpose. On the other hand, corporations with a scope to make a switch towards integrated marketing communication are posed with many barriers. It can be in the form of technological barriers, or cost factor and the likes. This point notwithstanding, it would prudent also that a scholastic point be observed as well to the difficulty as such if any. What scholars have withhold in favor of integrated marketing communication can again be emphasized to the notion wherein it is held that integrated marketing communication plays a vital role in every aspects of marketing process. However, developing and implementing an integrated marketing communication programs is usually a detailed and complex process, which involves many persons as well as extensive efforts. (George E Belch, 2003, p. 69) Thus, such factor when encounter often comes and acts as a barrier when corporations for example are trying to embrace the features of integrated marketing communication. Fair enough, not only the cost factor also comes into play in such a strategic integration, but also the complexities of the process itself, which very often when not strategized systematically can be a dampener of sorts. This is what we can augment are some of the difficulty in embracing the overall features of integrated marketing communication in a standardized and symmetrical manner. METHODOLOGY The methodology adopted in this report is primarily secondary in nature. There have been no specific methods or process evaluation undergone. As a discourse in theoretical terms, the best available secondary resources were dependent upon to emphasize the views and counter view of this paper assumptions and its argument. On a greater note, view in favor of IMC concepts and is adoption is the concentrated focus to align into the assumption and its discourse overall. Thus, most of the resource used use for this research is secondary in nature, where IMC concepts and its literature have been the main source in feeding this project and regimenting the assumptions. DISCUSSIONS From our study and its analysis on the concepts of integrated marketing communication we can understand that the significance of the concepts cannot be brushed aside. It would be wrong to do away with IMC and its practical practices. The fact is that IMC assist corporations survival in many ways, and Helps Corporation building a good rapport with consumers in the market, through advertisements, billboards, corporate sponsorships, public relations and the likes of e-mailer. Effective communications are the building block between a manufacturer and consumers. Often the term consumer is king also very much also come into play in such a scenario. Corporations understand such scenarios, and are doing their best to format their communication and advertising process by initiating the practicality of IMC concepts. Thus, the principle of marketing though make its claims, however, without any pictorial and effective communication marketing often lose its sheen and sheer factor to appeal the general consumer in the market. The presence of many competitors and identical product also greatly impact consumer perception and their purchasing power, we can speculate. Lapses in communication even hurt the relationship and its bounding. The concepts behind IMC and its integration is to bring into force the factor of communication in marketing mediums, so that firms communicates in its variety of forms with consumers, thus bridging the gap in communication as is the case with traditional marketings. Moreover, it also to bring into force the streamlined process, where marketing communication is fostered and facilitated in the most feasible ways and reaches its targeted destinations, and impact upon consumer perception and their connection with any given message that appeals their psychological nature of co nsumers. The better the marketing procedures and its communication, the better is the prospects of the organizational outcome. Besides, sustenance and growth of a corporation also is hugely influenced through the marketing processes that organizations undertake and it can be in many other forms or processes, although central to marketing objectives. CONCLUSION There is great much scope for research in this topic. Given the absence of primary methodology being employed, future research through the use of primary research tools, such as questionnaire, interview and the likes, as it can provide a great significant to the assumptions from an objectively view point. Lack of relevant material though have been the factor of this research and its weakness, yet the fragmented segmentation of the concepts meaning and its discourse have been arranged to get a glimpse of the theoretical point of the subject matter and its assimilation. Taking the overall discussion and when we reflect back to the subject matter we can conclude that IMC concepts are significant to corporation in great many ways. Adopting the IMC concepts and emphasizing on its practicality can be the best ever things that corporation can initiates as a tool for mass appeal, and to get their brandishing and all factors of advertisements in their favor as well as providing consumers in the market a sense of relief to make difficult choices from available products. Thus, building on these points and our understanding of the argument in details abovementioned, we can finally conclude that marketing have many dimensional foregrounds, yet without effective communication much of it is lost in translation. Hence, integration of marketing process with streamlined communication process can be the best ever thing that can mark the transformational change in the favor of marketers. Marketing strategy very often exploit the use of marketing tools, given that there are reasonable point to such integration. Yet, it should not be forgotten that the philosophical and strategic overtones for corporations growth and its sustenance also all depends and ride in direct links with marketing, wherein integrated marketing communication processes is one vital part of marketing principle that bridge the gap to connect with the general consumers in the market.